| Order Insectivora | | | |
| Masked Shrew | Sorex cinereus | R | uncommon |
| Martha's Vineyard Short-tailed Shrew | Blarina brevcauda aloga | ER | common |
| Eastern Mole | Scalopus aquaticus | R | common |
| Hairy-tailed Mole | Parascalops breweri | FR | the type specimen was described in 1842 from the island; unrecorded since |
| Order Chiroptera | | | |
| Little Brown Myotis | Myotis lucifugus | seasonal R | rare since white-nose syndrome, but persisting in at least one colony in a West Tisbury barn 2015 - 2019, an Endangered species in MA |
| Northern Long-eared Bat | Myotis septentrionalis | year-round R | rare since white-nose syndrome, but persisting in small populations. per acoustic surveys and captures by BiodiversityWorks 2014 - 2019, an Endangered species in MA |
| Silver-haired Bat | Lasionycteris noctivagans | seasonal R | uncommon. Very few records. A few acoustic detections by BiodiversityWorks 2015 - 2017 |
| Eastern Pipistrelle | Pipstrellus subflavus | seasonal R | uncommon. No capture records or acoustic records during BiodiversityWorks surveys 2014 - 2019 |
| Big Brown Bat | Epetesicus fuscus | seasonal R | common across the island, per acoustic surveys and captures by BiodiversityWorks |
| Red Bat | Laisurus borealis | seasonal R | common across the island, per acoustic surveys and captures by BiodiversityWorks |
| Hoary Bat | Lasiurus cinereus | spring and fall migrant | rare |
| Order Lagomorpha | | | |
| Eastern Cottontail | Sylvilagus floridanus | R I | common |
| New England Cottontail | Sylvilagus transitionalis | FR | Some suspect there are a few remaining, but no records. |
| Snowshoe Hare | Lepus americanus | FR I | |
| Black-tailed Jackrabbit | Lepus californicus | FR I | |
| European Hare | Lepus europaeus | FR I | |
| Order Rodentia | | | |
| Eastern Chipmunk | Tamias striatus | I | locally common |
| Eastern Gray Squirrel | Sciurus carolinensis | R | common |
| Red Squirrel | Tamiasciurus hudsonicus | FR | |
| Beaver | Castor canadensis | FR | |
| White-footed Mouse | Peromyscus leucopus | ER | common; thought to include two subspecies on the island, based on trapping at Felix Neck and Menemsha Hills. P.l. fusus occur at Felix neck and are larger and more docile than the Menemsha Hills population (S. Telford, Tufts University, pers. comm. July 2019). |
| Meadow Vole | Microtus pennsylvanicus | R | common |
| Pine Vole | Microtus pinetorum | R | local and rare if still present |
| Muskrat | Ondatra zibethica | R | common; the only land mammal now known on Noman's Island |
| Norway Rat | Rattus norvegicus | I | common |
| Meadow Jumping Mouse | Zapus hudsonius | R | common |
| Order Cetacea | | | |
| Cuvier's Beaked Whale | Ziphius cavirostris | O | uncommon? |
| Sperm Whale | Physeter catodon | O | rare; an Endangered species in Massachusetts and by Federal designation |
| Pygmy Sperm Whale | Kogia breviceps | O | rare |
| Beluga Whale | Delphinapterus leucas | O | very rare; one found dead in 1983 |
| Striped Dolphin | Stenella caerueoalba | O | rare |
| Common Dolphin | Delphinus delphis | O | uncommon |
| Bottle-nosed Dolphin | Tursiops truncates | O | uncommon |
| Atlantic White-sided Dolphin | Lagenorhynchus acutus | O | common? |
| Killer Whale | Orcinus orca | O | rare |
| Gray Grampus | Grampus griseus | O | uncommon |
| Common Pilot Whale | Globicephala melaena | O | common |
| Harbor Porpoise | Phocoena phocoena | O | common |
| Fin Whale | Balaenoptera physalus | O | common; an Endangered species in Massachusetts and by Federal designation |
| Minke Whale | Balaenoptera acutorostrata | O | uncommon |
| Sei Whale | Balaenoptera borealis | O | found washed up dead on shore |
| Humpback Whale | Megaptera novaeangliae | O | common; an Endangered species in Massachusetts and by Federal designation |
| Northern Right Whale | Eubalaena glacialis | O | rare; an Endangered species in Massachusetts and by Federal designation |
| Order Carnivora | | | |
| Coyote | Canis latrans | Potential natural colonization | 1 adult observed in June 2010 and another in May 2019. Wash ashore during winter dead- north shore |
| Red Fox | Vulpes vulpes | FR | |
| Gray Fox | Urocyon cinereoargentatus | FR | |
| Indian Dog | Canis familiaris | FR | |
| Black Bear | Ursus americanus | FR | |
| North American Raccoon | Procyon lotor | R | common |
| Fisher | Pekania pennanti | | found washed up dead on shore |
| Mink | Mustela vison | FR | |
| Striped Skunk | Mephitis mephitis | R | common |
| River Otter | Lontra canadensis | R | common |
| Bobcat | Lynx rufus | FR | |
| [Feral] Cat | Felis catus | R | regrettably common |
| Order Pinnpedia | | | |
| Harbor Seal | Phoca concolor | O | common |
| Harp Seal | Pagophilus groenlandicus | O | rare |
| Gray Seal | Halichoerus groenlandicus | O | common |
| Hooded Seal | Cystophora cristata | O | rare |
| Walrus | Odobenus rosmarus | FR | |
| Order Artiodactyla | | | |
| White-tailed Deer | Odocoilius virginianus | R | abundant |
| Fallow Deer | Cervus dama | I FR | |